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🛒 Wisconsin · What You Can Sell

What You Can Sell in Wisconsin

Wisconsin's home food rules are unique in the US — built on a court ruling and a canning statute rather than a single cottage food act. Here's exactly what's open, what's restricted, and what requires a license.

Product Status

Open, Restricted & Prohibited Foods

Every product falls into one of three categories. Open means you can sell it today without a license. Restricted means conditions apply — read them carefully. Prohibited means a commercial license is required before you can sell.

Open — Allowed with no special conditions
Restricted — Allowed with specific conditions
Prohibited — License required to sell

Open

Clearly allowed · No conditions
Breads & Rolls
All varieties — sourdough, sandwich, artisan, buns, bagels. Must be oven-baked and shelf-stable.
Cakes & Cupcakes
Including wedding cakes and cake pops. Buttercream and fondant frostings are fine.
Cookies, Brownies & Bars
All oven-baked varieties. Shelf-stable at room temperature.
Muffins, Scones & Biscuits
All types — sweet or savory. No refrigerated fillings.
Granola (Baked)
Oven-baked granola, granola bars, trail mix blends with baked components.
Crackers & Pretzels
Oven-baked. Savory or sweet varieties.
Tortillas
Flour and corn tortillas that are baked or pan-cooked dry. Shelf-stable.
Honey
Direct statutory exemption. No sales cap. No license required.
Maple Syrup (Unprocessed)
Statutory exemption for unprocessed maple syrup direct from the producer.
Popcorn
Plain and flavored popcorn. Separate statutory exemption — no sales cap.
Fresh Fruits & Vegetables
Unprocessed only. Direct statutory exemption — no sales cap.
Raw Apple Cider
Fresh-squeezed / raw apple cider. Statutory exemption for direct sale.
Macarons & Pastries
Oven-baked, shelf-stable. No custard or cream fillings that require refrigeration.
Donuts (Oven-Baked)
Baked donuts with shelf-stable glazes or toppings.
Sorghum Syrup
Statutory exemption. No license or sales cap required.
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Restricted

Allowed · Specific conditions apply
Pickles & Pickled Vegetables
Allowed under Pickle Bill. Must have equilibrium pH ≤ 4.6. Sales cap: $5,000/year. Farmers markets and community events only.
Jams & Jellies
Allowed under Pickle Bill. Must meet pH ≤ 4.6 requirement. Sales cap: $5,000/year total for all Pickle Bill products.
Salsas & Hot Sauces
Allowed if properly acidified to pH ≤ 4.6. Must be tested. Counts toward $5,000 Pickle Bill cap.
Sauerkraut & Kimchi
Fermented/acidified vegetables are specifically mentioned as allowed under Pickle Bill. Must reach pH ≤ 4.6. $5,000 cap applies.
Fruit Butters & Chutneys
Allowed under Pickle Bill if pH ≤ 4.6. Apple butter, pear butter, fruit chutneys. Count toward cap.
Applesauce (Canned)
Allowed under Pickle Bill. Must be properly acidified. Counts toward $5,000 cap.
Custom Decorated Cakes
Allowed as baked goods (Kivirist). No custard, cream cheese, or fresh fruit fillings — these become TCS/potentially hazardous.
Eggs
A separate statutory exemption exists for egg sales. Specific volume limits apply — verify with DATCP at (608) 224-4682.
Kombucha
May qualify under Pickle Bill if pH ≤ 4.6 and $5,000 cap not exceeded. Alcohol content must stay below 0.5% ABV — verify with DATCP.
Baked Goods with Eggs/Dairy as Ingredients
Eggs, milk, butter, and cream cheese are allowed as baking ingredients in shelf-stable products. The finished product must be non-TCS.
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Prohibited

License required to sell
Candies & Chocolates
Not permitted without a license. The 2022 court expansion that temporarily allowed these was overturned in November 2024.
Fudge & Confections
Non-baked shelf-stable sweets are prohibited under the current legal framework as of 2024–2025.
Roasted Coffee Beans
Prohibited for unlicensed sale. Court rulings in 2024–2025 closed this path without a commercial kitchen license.
Rice Krispie Treats
Not baked in an oven — excluded from Kivirist exemption. Previously allowed under 2022 ruling, now prohibited again.
Freeze-Dried Foods
Not oven-baked. Prohibited without a food processing plant license from DATCP.
Dried Pasta (Home-Made)
Not covered by the Kivirist baking exemption. Requires a food processing license.
Marshmallows & Cocoa Bombs
Non-baked confections. Prohibited under current legal interpretation after 2024 appeals ruling.
Custard-Filled Pastries
Custard, bavarian cream, and similar fillings make a product TCS — requires refrigeration and a license.
Meat & Poultry Products
USDA jurisdiction. Meat jerky, meat pies, and any product containing meat requires USDA-inspected facility.
Dairy Products (as standalone products)
Cheese, yogurt, butter sold as standalone products require a dairy license from DATCP. Dairy as a baking ingredient is fine.
Low-Acid Canned Goods
Vegetables canned without acidification (green beans, corn, etc.). Requires a food processing plant license — high botulism risk.
Refrigerated Prepared Meals
Any food requiring refrigeration is TCS and requires a licensed commercial kitchen and retail food establishment license.
Alcoholic Beverages
Requires a Wisconsin distillery, winery, or brewery license — entirely separate from cottage food rules.

Understanding the Restrictions

Wisconsin's product restrictions aren't arbitrary — they're rooted in food safety science. Understanding the reasoning makes it easier to assess your own products and make smart decisions about your business.

🌡️ What Makes a Food "Potentially Hazardous" (TCS)?

TCS stands for Temperature Control for Safety. A food is TCS if it supports the rapid growth of harmful microorganisms when held at room temperature — typically because it has high moisture and protein, neutral pH, and no preservative barrier.

TCS foods include fresh meat, poultry, fish, dairy products, cooked grains, and anything with custard or cream cheese fillings. These cannot be sold under cottage food exemptions in Wisconsin. See the Prepared Meals page for details.

🧁 Why Does "Oven-Baked" Matter?

Wisconsin's baked goods exemption is based specifically on a court ruling — not a statute — and that ruling was about home-baked goods. The courts and DATCP have interpreted "baked" to mean cooked in an oven, and the finished product must be shelf-stable (non-TCS) without refrigeration.

This is why chocolates and fudge — shelf-stable but not oven-baked — were challenged in court and ultimately remained prohibited. If your product goes into an oven and comes out shelf-stable, you're almost certainly in the clear under the Kivirist ruling.

🫙 The pH Rule for Canned Goods

The Pickle Bill requires acidified canned goods to have an equilibrium pH of 4.6 or lower. This threshold matters because Clostridium botulinum — the bacteria that causes botulism — cannot grow in environments below pH 4.6. Acidification is the safety mechanism that makes pickles, jams, and salsas safe without refrigeration.

Not sure if your product qualifies? UW Extension can help with pH testing referrals: call (608) 263-7383. Wisconsin labs charge approximately $25 per test.

Common pH Examples

Lemon juice — pH 2.0 ✓ Vinegar pickles — pH 3.0–3.5 ✓ Jams with acid — pH 3.0–4.0 ✓ Tomato salsa — test required ~4.2–4.5 Green beans (plain) — pH 5.5–6.0 ✗

📍 Why Sales Venue Matters

Under the Pickle Bill, canned goods sales are restricted primarily to farmers markets and community events — not shipped wholesale or placed in retail stores. This venue restriction is baked into the statute and reflects the legislature's intent to keep these exemptions small-scale and community-facing.

Baked goods under the Kivirist ruling are more flexible — you can sell at farmers markets, through direct sales, and via online orders/mail to Wisconsin addresses. However, you cannot ship out of state, and sales must be within Wisconsin. Confirm current online rules with DATCP as this continues to evolve.

💡

Farmers markets in Wisconsin typically set their own additional vendor requirements. Always contact the market manager before your first day — approval and fees vary widely by market.

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