🍱 Nebraska · Section 3 of 8

Prepared Meals & TCS Foods in Nebraska

Nebraska's LB 262 (2024) opened the door to perishable foods that most states prohibit under cottage food — including cheesecakes, cream-filled pastries, ice cream, and fresh sauces. Here's how to do it correctly.

LB 262 — Effective July 19, 2024

Nebraska's 2024 expansion is one of the most significant cottage food law updates in the country. For the first time, home producers can legally sell TCS foods — items that require time and temperature control for safety — without needing a licensed commercial kitchen. Read the full bill ↗

What Is a TCS Food?

TCS stands for Time/Temperature Control for Safety. These are foods that require either refrigeration or heat to remain safe — because harmful bacteria can multiply rapidly when these foods spend too long in the temperature range between 40°F and 135°F, known as the "danger zone."

Non-TCS Foods (Shelf-Stable)

Cookies, breads, jams, spice blends, hard candy, granola — these foods do not support rapid bacterial growth at room temperature. They can sit on a table at a farmers market or in a pantry without becoming unsafe. Most cottage food programs cover only these foods.

TCS Foods (Temperature-Dependent)

Cheesecakes, cream pies, ice cream, soft cheese, buttercream, custards, fresh sauces — these foods contain dairy, eggs, or other ingredients that support bacterial growth if left at room temperature. Nebraska now allows these under cottage food, with specific handling requirements.

40°F
Cold Safe
135°F
Hot Safe
The Temperature Danger Zone: 40°F – 135°F Pathogenic bacteria multiply rapidly in this range. Nebraska law requires TCS foods to stay below 40°F (cold foods) or above 135°F (hot foods) at all times. Transport time may not exceed 2 hours — after which food must be discarded if it has been in the danger zone.

TCS Foods Allowed Under Nebraska Cottage Food

Nebraska's LB 262 expanded the allowed list to include a range of TCS foods made from store-purchased, licensed-source ingredients. Each category below has specific conditions that must be met to sell legally.

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Cheesecake & Cream Pies

Allowed — TCS
Must be kept at or below 41°F at all times.
Label must include all ingredients in descending order by weight.
Label must include "Keep Refrigerated" notice.
Include an expiration or "Use By" date on the label. [VERIFY exact statutory language]
If sold at farmers markets: you must have a means of keeping product at ≤41°F at your booth (cooler with ice or powered refrigeration).
Hand-deliver only — may not be shipped by mail.
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Buttercream Cakes & Cupcakes

Allowed — TCS
Buttercream frosting is a TCS ingredient — any cake containing it must be refrigerated.
Must be kept at or below 41°F from production through delivery.
Label must include ingredients in descending order by weight.
"Keep Refrigerated" required on label.
Shelf-stable frostings (sugar glaze, royal icing on fully dried cookies) do not trigger TCS requirements.
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Ice Cream & Frozen Desserts

Allowed — TCS
Dairy must come from a licensed, store-purchased source — no raw farm milk.
No raw, uncooked eggs permitted. Cooked custard base is allowed; raw egg ice cream is not.
Must be kept frozen during transport and sale.
Full ingredient label with descending-weight order required.
Farmers market sales require powered freezer or equivalent cold-holding at booth.
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Cheese & Pudding

Allowed — TCS
Milk must come from a licensed source (grocery store or licensed dairy). Raw milk cheese is prohibited.
Sour cream, yogurt, and fluid milk cannot be sold as cottage food products — only cheese and pudding made from approved dairy.
Must be kept at or below 41°F through sale.
Full ingredient label required. "Keep Refrigerated" on label.
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Refrigerated Pickles

Allowed — TCS
Must be kept cold (≤41°F) — these are NOT shelf-stable/canned pickles.
Container must not be hermetically sealed — use refrigerator-style containers, not mason jar water-bath canning.
Label must include a 7-day expiration date.
Full ingredient list required on label.
Canned/shelf-stable pickles (water-bath or pressure canned) are prohibited under cottage food.
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Fresh Refrigerated Sauce & Salsa

Allowed — TCS
Fresh salsa: plastic container only (not canned); must be kept cold; 7-day recommended shelf life on label.
BBQ sauce: allowed only if NOT hermetically sealed and kept ≤41°F; 7-day expiration date required.
Shelf-stable, bottled, or canned versions of the same products are prohibited under FDA Acidified Foods rules (21 CFR 114).
Ingredient list required on label.
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Chocolate-Covered Strawberries

Allowed — TCS
Fresh strawberries are a TCS ingredient — product must be kept refrigerated.
Transport time may not exceed 2 hours from production to customer.
Full ingredient label and "Keep Refrigerated" notice required.
Best sold for same-day or next-day consumption — include a recommended "enjoy by" date.

Coffee Drinks (Lattes, Cold Brew, Frappes)

Allowed — TCS
Must be fully prepared and packaged at home before leaving.
LB 262 clarified: no preparation after the product leaves the home — not even adding ice or milk at a market.
Ingredient list required on label (including milk or dairy ingredients).
Keep cold during transport and sale if containing dairy.
See the Beverages page for full coffee and tea rules.

What Nebraska Does Not Allow

Even with LB 262's broad expansion, Nebraska's cottage food law still has meaningful limits. The following categories remain prohibited regardless of how they are prepared or packaged:

🚫 Prohibited Under Nebraska Cottage Food

Meat, poultry, or fish in any form
Bone broth, lard, or tallow
Kombucha and fermented foods
Kimchi and similar lacto-fermented vegetables
Fluid milk, cream, sour cream, yogurt
Cheese or ice cream made from raw farm milk
Foods containing raw / uncooked eggs
Charcuterie boards or assembled platters
Hermetically sealed acidified foods (canned salsas, hot sauces, pickles)
Full prepared meals (entrees, soups, casseroles)
Anything not prepared in a private home
Pet food or animal treats

No Commercial Kitchen Required — But Private Home Only

Nebraska does not require TCS food sellers to rent or use a licensed commercial kitchen. Your private home kitchen is the legally required and only permitted production space. LB 262 was explicit on this point — mobile trailers, commercial kitchen rentals, and pop-up food prep spaces all disqualify you from cottage food status.

If you want to sell products that require a licensed facility — such as shelf-stable canned goods, full prepared meals, or meat products — see Special Categories for the licensing paths that apply.

Temperature & Transport Requirements

Nebraska's TCS food rules mirror standard commercial food safety protocols for cold foods. Here are the core temperature thresholds and transport rules you need to follow whenever you sell TCS products:

≤ 41°F

Cold TCS Foods — Required Maximum

Cheesecakes, ice cream, cream pies, buttercream cakes, fresh sauces, refrigerated pickles, and chocolate-covered strawberries must be kept at or below 41°F at all times — in your refrigerator, during transport, and at your market booth. Use a food thermometer to verify.

≥ 135°F

Hot TCS Foods — Required Minimum

If you sell any hot prepared item, it must be maintained at or above 135°F. Note: full prepared meals (soups, casseroles, entrees) are not permitted under Nebraska cottage food regardless of temperature controls.

Transport Rules for TCS Foods

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2-hour maximum transport window TCS food may not be transported for longer than 2 hours. After 2 hours in transit, food that has been in the danger zone must be discarded. Plan your deliveries accordingly.
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Coolers and ice packs for cold foods Use a cooler with sufficient ice or ice packs to maintain ≤41°F during delivery. A refrigerator thermometer in the cooler is strongly recommended to confirm temperature throughout transport.
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Producer must deliver TCS food in person TCS food may only be delivered by the producer (you) directly to the consumer. You cannot use a courier service, third-party delivery app, or another person to deliver perishable cottage food.
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TCS food cannot be mailed Unlike shelf-stable products, TCS foods cannot be shipped by USPS or commercial carriers. All TCS transactions must involve in-person handoff or home pickup by the buyer.
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Hot weather shortens your window If the air temperature is around 90°F, food in the danger zone becomes unsafe in approximately 1 hour rather than 2. Factor outdoor temperatures into your delivery and market-day planning.

🥛 Where Your Dairy Must Come From

Nebraska's statute is specific: all milk and milk products used as ingredients in TCS cottage food must come from an approved, licensed source — meaning a grocery store, licensed dairy, or other permitted food establishment. You cannot use raw milk from your own cows or goats, milk from a neighbor's farm, or cream that hasn't been pasteurized. Fluid milk, cream, sour cream, and yogurt cannot be sold as cottage food products themselves — only used as ingredients in finished products like cheesecake or ice cream.

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TCS Product Classifier

Describe your product and find out whether it qualifies as TCS in Nebraska — with specific handling conditions, labeling requirements, and next steps.

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