New Mexico · Homemade Food Act · N.M. Stat. § 25-12-3

What You Can Sell in New Mexico

New Mexico uses a simple governing standard: any food that is shelf-stable and does not require refrigeration is generally permitted. Here is a complete breakdown — open, restricted, and prohibited — so you know exactly where your products stand.

One Rule That Covers Everything

Unlike many states that publish a fixed list of approved products, New Mexico's Homemade Food Act operates on a non-TCS standard. If your food does not require temperature control for safety — meaning it is shelf-stable and does not need refrigeration to prevent bacterial growth — it is generally permitted. The law does not enumerate every product you can or cannot make; instead, it draws a single bright line between TCS and non-TCS foods.

This framework gives New Mexico home sellers significant flexibility. Sellers unsure whether a specific product qualifies can contact the NMED Food Program or consult a Process Authority for a product-specific determination. NMSU's Food Safety Laboratory is one such resource in-state.

What is TCS?

Time/Temperature Control for Safety

A TCS food is one that requires specific temperature conditions — typically refrigeration below 41°F or heating above 135°F — to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria. Fresh meats, dairy products, cooked proteins, fresh-cut produce, and foods with moisture and protein that support bacterial growth are all TCS. If your food can safely sit on a shelf at room temperature for its intended shelf life, it is almost certainly non-TCS.

✅ Non-TCS Examples (Generally Allowed)

Shelf-Stable at Room Temperature

  • Baked goods with no cream or custard filling
  • Hard candy, fudge, brittles, caramels
  • Jams, jellies, fruit butters (properly acidified)
  • Dried spice blends, seasonings, rubs
  • Granola, trail mix, dried fruit, nuts
  • Pasta noodles, dried goods, baking mixes
  • Dried jerky (shelf-stable, low water activity)
🚫 TCS Examples (Not Permitted)

Require Refrigeration or Temperature Control

  • Fresh meats, poultry, or seafood
  • Cream-filled pastries or custard desserts
  • Fresh cut fruit or vegetable products
  • Fresh dairy, soft cheeses, butter
  • Cooked meals, soups, casseroles
  • Fresh eggs or egg products
  • Live-culture kombucha (alcohol content adds risk)

Open, Restricted & Prohibited

Every product falls into one of three categories. Items marked Restricted are allowed but require extra attention — read each condition carefully before selling.

Open — Clearly Allowed

Cookies, Brownies & Bars No cream or custard fillings. No refrigeration required.
Cakes & Cupcakes Shelf-stable frosting only. No whipped cream, no custard.
Breads, Rolls & Tortillas Yeast breads, sourdough, flour and corn tortillas.
Muffins & Scones Shelf-stable. No cream cheese or custard filling.
Pies & Tarts (Shelf-Stable) Fruit pies, pecan, pumpkin — no cream or custard filling.
Biscochitos & Biscotti Traditional New Mexico state cookie. Fully allowed.
Hard Candy & Lollipops Fully shelf-stable sugar confections.
Fudge Shelf-stable, low water activity. Allowed.
Caramels & Toffee Shelf-stable confections. Allowed.
Marshmallows Shelf-stable. Allowed.
Jams, Jellies & Preserves Must comply with 21 CFR Part 150 standards for sugar/acid ratios.
Fruit Butters & Marmalades High-sugar, high-acid preservation. Fully allowed.
Granola & Trail Mix Shelf-stable. No fresh fruit additions that require refrigeration.
Dried Fruit & Fruit Leathers Low water activity. Shelf-stable. Allowed.
Popcorn & Kettle Corn Shelf-stable snack. Allowed.
Crackers & Pretzels Shelf-stable baked snacks. Allowed.
Chips (Vegetable, Grain) Dehydrated/baked. Shelf-stable. Allowed.
Spice Blends & Dry Rubs Green chile powder, red chile blends, BBQ rubs — all allowed.
Loose Leaf Tea & Herbal Blends Dried, shelf-stable. Fully allowed.
Coffee Beans (Roasted) Shelf-stable. Allowed.
Dry Baking & Soup Mixes Pancake mix, biscuit mix, cookie mix — dry only. Allowed.
Dried Pasta & Noodles Dried, shelf-stable. Allowed.
Roasted Nuts & Seeds Shelf-stable roasted products. Allowed.
Piñon (Pine Nuts) New Mexico's iconic heritage nut. Fully allowed.
Chocolate-Covered Items (Shelf-Stable) Chocolate-covered nuts, dried fruit, pretzels — shelf-stable only.

Restricted — Allowed with Conditions

Salsas & Hot Sauces Only if shelf-stable (properly acidified, pH ≤4.6). Fresh refrigerated salsa is TCS and not permitted. Consult a process authority for pH testing.
Pickles & Pickled Vegetables Permitted if properly acidified and shelf-stable. Low-acid or refrigerator pickles are TCS and require a commercial kitchen.
Sauerkraut & Fermented Vegetables Permitted only if the finished product is shelf-stable (pH ≤4.6, low aw). Products still actively fermenting may be TCS. Verify with NMED or process authority.
BBQ Sauce & Marinara Shelf-stable versions (properly acidified or high-sugar, no refrigeration required) may qualify. Fresh-refrigerated versions are TCS.
Infused Oils Dry herb-infused oils may qualify. Garlic-in-oil or fresh herb infusions are TCS due to botulism risk. Consult NMED before selling.
Dried Meat Jerky New Mexico is one of few states that expressly permits cottage jerky. Must be fully dried to shelf-stable (low water activity). USDA sourcing rules may apply. [VERIFY with NMED]
Nut Butters Potentially allowed if shelf-stable and water activity is low. Some nut butters can support bacterial growth. Verify with NMED or process authority before selling. [VERIFY]
Honey (Pure) Fully shelf-stable and generally allowed. However, pure honey is a raw agricultural commodity under the NM Food Act — different labeling rules may apply. Verify with NMED. [VERIFY]
Chocolates & Truffles Shelf-stable ganache and chocolate confections are allowed. Truffles with fresh cream centers that require refrigeration are TCS.
Simple Syrups & Shrubs High-sugar shelf-stable syrups may qualify. Refrigerated drinking vinegars (shrubs) with low sugar may be TCS. Check water activity.
Caramel Corn & Snack Mixes Shelf-stable versions are allowed. Products with fresh dairy components that require refrigeration are not.

Prohibited — Not Permitted

Fresh Meats & Poultry TCS — requires NMED commercial kitchen permit and potentially USDA inspection.
Fresh Seafood TCS — requires commercial kitchen and regulatory permits.
Fresh Dairy & Soft Cheeses TCS — milk, cream, fresh cheese, butter. Requires separate dairy licensing.
Fresh Eggs TCS — regulated separately. Not permitted under the Homemade Food Act.
Cream-Filled Pastries & Custard Desserts Cream puffs, eclairs, Boston cream cake, custard tarts — all TCS.
Cheesecake Fresh dairy and egg content makes this TCS. Not permitted.
Cooked Meals & Prepared Entrees Soups, stews, casseroles, pasta dishes — all TCS. Requires commercial kitchen.
Live-Culture Kombucha Likely TCS due to live cultures and alcohol content. Requires commercial kitchen. [VERIFY final NMED stance]
Cold-Pressed & Fresh Juices TCS — requires refrigeration and typically pasteurization. Not permitted from home kitchen.
Alcoholic Foods & Beverages Explicitly prohibited under the Homemade Food Act. Requires separate ABC licensing.
CBD / Hemp Food Products Explicitly excluded from the Homemade Food Act. Requires a commercial hemp manufacturing facility permit from NMED regardless of TCS status.
Low-Acid Canned Vegetables Botulism risk. Requires commercial kitchen, process authority approval, and NMED permit.
Garlic-in-Oil Infusions Serious botulism risk under anaerobic conditions. TCS. Not permitted from home kitchen.
Important Reminder

When in Doubt, Verify Before You Sell

The [VERIFY] flags in the Restricted column reflect items where the TCS determination depends on your specific recipe, pH, water activity, or processing method. Contact the NMED Food Program (food.program@state.nm.us) or a New Mexico process authority for a product-specific ruling before you list or sell. Selling a TCS product without authorization can result in a fine and an order to stop sales.

Understanding the TCS Framework

The non-TCS standard exists because certain food characteristics — particularly the combination of available moisture (measured as water activity, or aw) and a neutral pH — create environments where harmful bacteria like Salmonella, Listeria, and Clostridium botulinum can grow to dangerous levels without any visible signs of spoilage. A properly baked cookie or a high-sugar jam has neither the moisture nor the pH conditions that support this growth. A fresh cream sauce does.

New Mexico does not publish its own pH or water activity thresholds in the Homemade Food Act text — it incorporates the FDA Food Code standard by reference (found on page 21 of the NMED Retail and Manufactured Food Field Guide). The general thresholds used in food safety are pH 4.6 or below (sufficiently acidic to inhibit most pathogens) and water activity 0.85 or below (sufficiently dry to inhibit bacterial growth). Foods that meet both thresholds are generally non-TCS.

For products that fall in a grey zone — certain nut butters, fermented foods, shrubs, or acidified sauces — a Process Authority can test your specific recipe and confirm its classification. In New Mexico, NMSU's Food Technology program is a starting point. NMED's food program can also provide guidance at no cost.

Commercial Kitchen Rule

Using a Commercial Kitchen Disqualifies Your Products

This is one of New Mexico's more unusual rules. The Homemade Food Act specifically requires that food be produced at the seller's private farm, ranch, or residence. If you rent time in a commercial kitchen — even once — your products are no longer covered by the Homemade Food Act. You would then need a commercial manufactured food permit from NMED (annual fee $200, annual inspections required) to continue selling. Plan accordingly before signing up for any shared kitchen space.

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